In 1949, an engineer at Edwards Air Force Base created a harness for a rocket-powered sled designed to test how much acceleration and deceleration a human being could tolerate. Unfortunately, the test failed and the sled’s passenger was temporarily blinded. The engineer, Captain Edward A. Murphy Jr., later discovered the cause of the failure: improper wiring. Exasperated, Captain Murphy snidely observed—apparently, to no one in particular—that if there were two ways to do something, and one way could result in catastrophe, the route that would produce disaster would invariably be chosen. According to the military publication Desert Wings, Murphy’s Air ...