Total realized compensation of chief executive officers in the S&P 500 rose by 36.5 percent last year, while total realized compensation for all CEOs—including those from companies outside of the S&P 500 group—rose by 27 percent, according to a survey conducted by governance and ESG ratings and research firm GMI.

“The 36.5 percent increase in realized compensation is particularly notable when it’s put in context of the modest growth of the economy in 2010 and general public company performance last year,” says Paul Hodgson, chief communications officer and senior research associate of the firm.