Despite legislation aimed at preventing labor and other human rights abuses in supply chains taking force in major countries including the United Kingdom, United States, Germany, and France, many companies are struggling to comply.

Part of the problem could be differences in the expectations of national legislation, as well as varying sanctions and appetites for enforcement. Germany’s Supply Chain Act, for example, puts the onus on companies to try to prevent labor abuses, rather than necessarily stamp them out altogether. The U.K.’s Modern Slavery Act, meanwhile, only requires firms to report on the steps they are taking to identify and root out incidences of slavery; it is up to other national legislation to punish offenders.

Neil Hodge is a freelance business journalist and photographer based in Nottingham, United Kingdom. He writes on insurance and risk management, corporate governance, internal audit, compliance, and legal...