BRUSSELS—EU data regulators are increasingly concerned about the potential impact that organisations’ growing reliance on artificial intelligence and algorithms could have on business decision making.

Regulators are concerned that management accountability will be impaired if companies delegate too much of their responsibility for decision making to machines. They also admit that this “grey area” presents problems for them about how best to hold companies to account if algorithms, AI, and machine-learning technologies are largely responsible for how personal data is used (or misused).

Neil Hodge is a freelance business journalist and photographer based in Nottingham, United Kingdom. He writes on insurance and risk management, corporate governance, internal audit, compliance, and legal...