When allegations of corporate misconduct surface, an effective internal investigation is essential to uncovering facts and formulating an appropriate response. But how do you maintain independence when the problem at hand involves a senior executive and external auditors are breathing down your neck?

First, it’s important to avoid any one-size-fits-all approach. “No two investigations are alike,” says Greg Esslinger, a senior managing director in the global risk and investigations practice of FTI Consulting. “You really have to go through each one as a unique process.”

Jaclyn Jaeger is a freelance contributor to Compliance Week after working for the company for 15 years. She writes on a wide variety of topics, including ethics and compliance, risk management, legal,...