Even more frightening than a persistently uncertain economic outlook, board members and C-suite executives say regulatory issues present the most serious risk their companies face in 2013.

A recent survey by Protiviti and North Carolina State University of more than 200 directors and executives found regulatory changes and increased regulatory scrutiny on product and service offerings is the most significant risk on their companies’ radar. On a scale of one to 10 to indicate the significance of expected impact, survey respondents ranked regulatory concerns a 6.8, edging out even economic conditions, which rated 6.5. Uncertain political leadership that could limit growth opportunities came in third on the risk ranking, given a score of 6.0.