The EU Customs Union currently deals with trade worth €4.3 trillion ($4.9 trillion) a year (about 14 percent of global trade). In 2024, 2,140 customs offices across the trading bloc collected almost €27 billion ($31 billion) in customs duties and dealt with 1.37 billion items.

Ruth Prickett graduated from Cambridge University with a BA hons in History and has specialized in business and finance journalism for the past 20 years. She was editor of Financial Management, the magazine...