Bad news for anyone worried about violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: An already tough-to-sell affirmative defense under the law is now even harder to use, thanks to a recent court ruling.

A federal district court judge in New York ruled last month that the FCPAโ€™s local-law defenseโ€”where payment to a foreign official is permitted because it is โ€œlawful under the written laws and regulationsโ€ of the officialโ€™s countryโ€”applies primarily to the payment, not the person doing the paying. That distinction narrows the scope of the defense, and leaves U.S. corporations with even fewer options should they find themselves on the wrong end of an FCPA probe.