The founder, administrator, and primary operator of a pair of virtual currency platforms was assessed a $60 million civil penalty by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) on Monday for violations of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and its implementing of anti-money laundering (AML) regulations.

Larry Dean Harmon was indicted in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia earlier this year under allegations of money laundering at his company Helix, which he operated from 2014-17. Helix functioned as a bitcoin “mixer,” which allows customers to pay to send bitcoin in a manner that conceals the source of the owner of the virtual currency. Another term used to describe such platforms is “tumblers.”

Helix “conducted over 1,225,000 transactions for its customers and was associated with virtual currency wallet addresses that sent or received over $311 million,” according to FinCEN. These transactions included the facilitation of anonymous payments for drugs, guns, and child pornography, the regulator alleges. From June 2014 through December 2017, Helix operated in this manner on the darknet while violating the BSA’s registration and reporting requirements.

Specifically, Helix “(a) failed to register as a money services business; (b) failed to implement and maintain an effective [AML] program; and (c) failed to report certain suspicious activity,” FinCEN stated. The company did not develop an AML program, didn’t have a compliance officer, and never filed a single suspicious activity report (SAR) despite FinCEN identifying nearly 250,000 instances in which suspicious transactions took place.

Further, Helix did not verify customer names, addresses, and other identifiers and deleted the minimal customer information it did collect for all transactions it facilitated, FinCEN alleges.

“Helix was totally and completely deficient in its compliance with the BSA and its implementing regulations during the entire course of Helix’s operation,” FinCEN stated.

After Helix ceased operating in December 2017, Harmon founded and acted as CEO at Coin Ninja, which ran a business in a similar manner to Helix. Coin Ninja, still operating in 2020, was also not registered as a money services business.

The $60 million penalty is the first to be levied by FinCEN against a bitcoin mixer.

Kyle Brasseur is managing editor—digital for Compliance Week, leading the day-to-day web-related tasks of the editorial team while also handling social media and user analytics. His background includes expertise in user personalization with ESPN.com.

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