So far, Europe’s wide-reaching data privacy rules have seemingly failed to curb Big Tech firms’ use and abuse of citizens’ personal data.
Despite headline penalties against Amazon, WhatsApp, and Google, there is lingering criticism that the world’s largest social media and internet firms are getting away with noncompliance because of a mix of poor enforcement under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and because focusing primarily on data privacy ignores other areas—namely, unfair competition—where these companies trample over the law and abuse users’ data for financial gain.

